[104], Mass protests erupted across the country following the disputed 2020 Belarusian presidential election,[105] in which Lukashenko sought a sixth term in office. [205], Belarus's two official languages are Russian and Belarusian;[254] Russian is the most common language spoken at home, used by 70% of the population, while Belarusian, the official first language, is spoken at home by 23%. [236][237] A new currency, the new Belarusian ruble (ISO 4217 code: BYN)[238] was introduced in July 2016, replacing the Belarusian ruble in a rate of 1:10,000 (10,000 old ruble = 1 new ruble). [239][240], The banking system of Belarus consists of two levels: Central Bank (National Bank of the Republic of Belarus) and 25 commercial banks. The country, which is home to the capital city Minsk, is around 40% forest. 10 Most Censored Countries - Committee to Protect Journalists In 1996, Lukashenko called for a controversial vote to extend the presidential term from five to seven years, and as a result the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001. The other countries on the list are Eritrea, Cuba, Uzbekistan, Syria, and Belarus. [177], Most of Belarus's service members are conscripts, who serve for 12 months if they have higher education or 18 months if they do not. [206] The Regions are further subdivided into 118 raions, commonly translated as districts (Belarusian: ; Russian: ). Politics of Belarus - Wikipedia [122], Natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. They were decorated with ornate patterns influenced by the neighboring cultures: Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Russians, and other European nations. The Belarusian Constitution forbids the use of special extrajudicial courts. Alice Neel's Communist Manifesto - ArtReview Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. Countries Sanctioned by the U.S. and Why - Investopedia Since his election as president in 1994, Alexander Lukashenko has consolidated his rule over all institutions and undermined the rule of law through . Vigorous postwar reconstruction promptly followed the end of the war and the Byelorussian SSR became a major center of manufacturing in the western USSR, creating jobs and attracting ethnic Russians. Two years later the so-called Milk War, a trade dispute, started when Russia wanted Belarus to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and through a series of events ended up banning the import of dairy products from Belarus. [183] However, Belarus cannot join NATO because it is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation. "About the Origins of the Names of White and Black Ruthenia"), (Joseph Juho), 1956. Is Belarus in the EU? [65], The Belarusian People's Republic was the first attempt to create an independent Belarusian state under the name "Belarus". According to Article 16 of the Constitution, Belarus has no official religion. [141] Most non-partisans represent a wide scope of social organizations such as workers' collectives, public associations, and civil society organizations, similar to the composition of the Soviet legislature. [174] Belarus is included in the European Union's Eastern Partnership program, part of the EU's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which aims to bring the EU and its neighbours closer in economic and geopolitical terms. During his stay, he worked with Belarusian poet Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich and created the opera Sialanka (Peasant Woman). American taxpayers still give money to Communist China for. Formation of Nato - Purpose, Dates & Cold War - HISTORY To the left of this baby, on a bank of red and pink roses, luscious and so alive, a banner is unfurled; it reads 'COMMUNIST PARTY'. [266] Rock music has become increasingly popular in recent years, though the Belarusian government has attempted to limit the amount of foreign music aired on the radio in favor of traditional Belarusian music. Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) North Korea. The present borders of Belarus were established during the turmoil of the World War Two. Belarus offers a distinct case of post-communist development, remaining Eastern Europe's most authoritarian state to this day. ", "Coordinates of the extreme points of the state frontier. Since 2004, Belarus has been sending artists to the Eurovision Song Contest. [248] Roman Catholicism is practiced mostly in the western regions, and there are also different denominations of Protestantism. This led to a proposal that the Belarusian ruble be discontinued in favor of the Russian ruble (RUB), starting as early as 1 January 2008. [194] In an interview from September 2020 Lukashenko claimed that detainees faked their bruises, saying, "Some of the girls there had their butts painted in blue". At first, a policy of "Belarusianization" was followed in the newly formed Byelorussian SSR. State structure of the Republic of Belarus | Official Internet Portal Belarus is also known for its strong rhythmic gymnasts. Dallas, TX: SIL International. [189] Belarus is the only European country still using capital punishment having carried out executions in 2011. "People in these countries are virtually isolated from the rest of the world by authoritarian rulers who muzzle the media and keep a chokehold on information through restrictive laws, fear, and intimidation," said CPJ Executive Director Ann Cooper. Belarus | CSCE [219], The currency of Belarus is the Belarusian ruble. Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with the capital Minsk. US Prez Candidate Nikki Haley Says Covid 'Likely Came from China Lab Belarus profile - Timeline - BBC News [271] One ornamental pattern common in early dresses currently decorates the hoist of the Belarusian national flag, adopted in a disputed referendum in 1995. China is one of the few remaining Communist countries. (ed. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. Occupied by Nazi Germany, Belarus was retaken by Stalin's Russia in 1944 and remained under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty on July 27, 1990 and independence from the Soviet Union on August 25, 1991. [87][88], In March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. The games will feature 57 medal events in ten sports. The currency was introduced in May 1992 to replace the Soviet ruble and it has undergone redenomination twice since then. The judiciary comprises the Supreme Court and specialized courts such as the Constitutional Court, which deals with specific issues related to constitutional and business law. According to some estimates, in countries such as present-day Ukraine, GDP is supposed to be only about 90 percent of what it had been before the transition. [166][167] Diplomatic relations remained tense, and in 2004, the United States passed the Belarus Democracy Act, which authorized funding for anti-government Belarusian NGOs, and prohibited loans to the Belarusian government, except for humanitarian purposes. Local government in Belarus is administered by administrative-territorial units (Belarusian: - ; Russian: - ), and occurs on two levels: basic and primary. Putin and Xi by the Numbers - CEPA [277], This article is about the Republic of Belarus. [266] The National Academic Theatre of Ballet in Minsk was awarded the Benois de la Dance Prize in 1996 as the top ballet company in the world. [228], Due to its failure to protect labor rights, including passing laws forbidding unemployment or working outside of state-controlled sectors,[229] Belarus lost its EU Generalized System of Preferences status on 21 June 2007, which raised tariff rates to their prior most favored nation levels. The country's folk music traditions can be traced back to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [47] Of the principalities held by the duchy, nine of them were settled by a population that would eventually become the Belarusians. [246], According to the census of November 2011, 58.9% of all Belarusians adhered to some kind of religion; out of those, Eastern Orthodoxy made up about 82%: Eastern Orthodox in Belarus are mainly part of the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, though a small Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church also exists. MOFA condemned the Chinese Communist Party's "continuous spread of false statements" and its practice of forcing other countries to agree with its claims. The Communist Party of Belarus won 3 seats, and the Agrarian Party and Republican Party of Labour and Justice, one each. Though the opposition candidates, mostly associated with the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front, took only 10% of the seats,[89] Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990 by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Byelorussian SSR was the hardest-hit Soviet republic in World War II; it remained in Nazi hands until 1944. [182] Belarus first began to cooperate with NATO upon signing documents to participate in their Partnership for Peace Program in 1995. After the World War, most literature focussed on war-related topics. [253] The Lipka Tatars, numbering over 15,000, are predominantly Muslims. Flutter's 'Exceptional' Year for US Gambling: The - Bloomberg [60], In a Russification drive in the 1840s, Nicholas I prohibited use of the Belarusian language in public schools, campaigned against Belarusian publications and tried to pressure those who had converted to Catholicism under the Poles to reconvert to the Orthodox faith. Employment is also high in agriculture, manufacturing sales, trading goods, and education. [223] [150], Neither the pro-Lukashenko parties, such as the Belarusian Socialist Sporting Party and the Republican Party of Labour and Justice nor the People's Coalition 5 Plus opposition parties, such as the Belarusian People's Front and the United Civil Party of Belarus, won any seats in the 2004 elections. [154] Many of the candidates, including Sannikov, were sentenced to prison or house arrest for terms which are mainly and typically over four years. [143], Belarus has often been described as "Europe's last dictatorship" by some media outlets, politicians and authors due to its authoritarian government. In January 1919 a part of Belarus under Bolshevik Russian control was declared the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB) for just two months, but then merged with the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) to form the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (SSR LiB), which lost control of its territories by August. Washington and Beijing are competing . Its net migration rate is +0.38 per 1,000, indicating that Belarus experiences slightly more immigration than emigration. The Americans and British feared. Belarus is a presidential republic. [55] The Belarusian territories acquired by the Russian Empire under the reign of CatherineII[56] were included into the Belarusian Governorate (Russian: -) in 1796 and held until their occupation by the German Empire during World War I. Vietnam Communist Party nominates Vo Van Thuong as new president It's just that, IMO, the data from the whole post-communist region show that the countries that adopted shock therapy fully actually ended . For other uses, see. Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus", "Belarus: Window of Opportunity (see Table 15, page 66)", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "The United Nations and Chernobyl The Republic of Belarus", "Ecological reservation in Belarus fosters new approaches to soil remediation", "Country Report: Belarus Borders: Borders and policy in Belarus", "SectionIV:The President, Parliament, Government, the Courts", "Deputy Prime Ministers of the Republic of Belarus", "Interview with Belarus President Lukashenko", "Analysis | Can people power topple Europe's 'last dictator'? Belarus - Government and society | Britannica [170] Belarus also has strong ties with Syria,[171] considered a key partner in the Middle East. [127] The climate features mild to cold winters, with January minimum temperatures ranging from 4C (24.8F) in southwest (Brest) to 8C (17.6F) in northeast (Vitebsk), and cool and moist summers with an average temperature of 18C (64.4F). [132] Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007.[133]. 449474, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 20:35. [212] In October 1995, a presidential decree abolished the local governments of cities of raion subordination and urban-type settlements which served as the administrative center of raions, demoting them from administrative-territorial units to territorial units. [204], Belarus is divided into six regions called oblasts (Belarusian: ; Russian: ), which are named after the cities that serve as their administrative centers: Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk, and Vitebsk. Most major Belarusian banks are also under restrictions. The Communist Party of China is the founding and sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China. Overall, 48.3% of the population is Orthodox Christian, 41.1% is not religious, 7.1% is Roman Catholic and 3.3% follows other religions. Other notable Belarusian sportspeople include cyclist Vasil Kiryienka, who won the 2015 Road World Time Trial Championship, and middle-distance runner Maryna Arzamasava, who won the gold medal in the 800m at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics. The law was compared with serfdom by Lukashenko himself. The main trading partners are Russia, which accounts for about 45% of Belarusian exports and 55% of imports, and the EU countries, which account for 25% of exports and 20% of imports. At the basic level are 118 raions councils and 10 cities of oblast subordination councils, which are supervised by the governments of the oblasts. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics. It also blasted Belarus for being subservient to China. [246] The average life expectancy is 72.15 (66.53 years for men and 78.1 years for women). [42] Invaders from Asia, among whom were the Huns and Avars, swept through c. 400600 AD, but were unable to dislodge the Slavic presence.[43]. [90], Mass protests erupted in April 1991 and became known as the 1991 Belarusian strikes. Belarusian language was banned in schools while in neighboring Samogitia primary school education with Samogitian literacy was allowed. China, Belarus Issue Vague Call for Bringing Peace to Ukraine [168] The United States supports a sovereign, independent Belarus which respects the rights and voices of the Belarusian people. [122] About 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. The National Bank of Belarus abandoned pegging the Belarusian ruble to the Russian rouble in August 2007. [263] The free development of literature occurred only in Polish-held territory until Soviet occupation in 1939. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Xi, C hina's most powerful figure in decades, has no formal role in the National People's Congress, which will convene a meeting of its . Many early Rus' principalities were virtually razed or severely affected by a major Mongol invasion in the 13th century, but the lands of modern-day Belarus avoided the brunt of the invasion and eventually joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Kazulin was detained and beaten by police during protests surrounding the All Belarusian People's Assembly. USD. In the 19th century, Polish composer Stanisaw Moniuszko composed operas and chamber music pieces while living in Minsk. [264], Music in Belarus largely comprises a rich tradition of folk and religious music. Lukashenko congratulates Xi Jinping on huge public trust shown at ), 2005. Bankers in China are being told to rectify their mindsets, clean up their "hedonistic" lifestyles and stop copying Western ways. In the 9th century the territory of modern Belarus became part of Kievan Rus', a vast East Slavic state ruled by the Rurikid dynasty.
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